Ordained in 1783, della Genga became private secretary to Pope Pius VI, who in 1793 sent him as ambassador to Lucerne, Switz. Pope Leo XII (22 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga, [lower-alpha 1] reigned from 28 September 1823 to his death in 1829. Posts about Pope Leo XII written by avangelista. Immediately after his election he appointed Della Somaglia, an octogenarian, Secretary of State, an act significant of the policy of the new reign. Leo XIII, , original name Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci, (born March 2, 1810, Carpineto Romano, Papal States—died July 20, 1903, Rome), head of the Roman Catholic Church (1878–1903) who brought a new spirit to the papacy, manifested in more conciliatory positions toward civil governments, by care taken that the church not be opposed to scientific progress and by an awareness of the pastoral and social … [21], As as nuncio in Germany, it was rumored he allegedly fathered three illegitimate children. It is not associated with, and receives no funds from any diocese or formal organization in the current structure of the Catholic Church. ENCYCLICAL OF POPE LEO XIII ON CAPITAL AND LABOR . [5], His election had been facilitated because he was thought to be close to death, but he unexpectedly rallied. Educated at the Accademia dei Nobili ecclesiastici at Rome, he was ordained priest in 1783, and in 1790 attracted favorable attention by a … Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. He was consecrated in Rome in 1794 after the appointment and was despatched to Lucerne as the Apostolic Nuncio. He was the second-longest-reigning pope, after Pius IX, and also the longest-living pope. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. From: 'St. He condemned (May 1825) indifferentism, a doctrine advocating the equality of all religions, and Freemasonry, because of its secret practices that he considered pagan. [22], Head of the Catholic Church from 1823 to 1829, Portrait of Leo XII by an anonymous painter (1829), kept by the. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Ordained in 1783, della Genga became private secretary to Pope Pius VI , who in 1793 sent him as ambassador to Lucerne , Switz. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. The pope also approved the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate on 17 February 1826 when he gave it official recognition. Source for information on Leo, Pope, XII: Encyclopedia of World Biography dictionary. info)), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death in 1829. "Pope Leo XII." [14] More recent scholarship has been unable to find any ban or any suggestion of a ban by Leo XII and his administration. Updates? On 5 February 1829, after a private audience with the new Cardinal Secretary of State, Tommaso Bernetti, he was suddenly taken ill and he seemed to know that his end was near. Life of Victor Emmanuel II. In doctrinal matters, Leo strove to prevent the infiltration of liberal ideas and to strengthen the efficiency of the Inquisition. Rights and Duties of Capital and Labor He revived the regulations of the Middle Ages in regards to segregation and marks for identification.[8]. "[19] He was buried in a monument of him in Saint Peter's Basilica on 15 February 1829. On 8 February, he asked for and received the Viaticum and was anointed. Thus, as was expected, he reversed Pius VII’s policies. After some clumsy moves inspired by the zelanti, he recognized the need for moderation in view of the new outbreak of liberal propaganda and the revival of Gallicanism, an essentially French ecclesiastical doctrine advocating restriction of papal power. Bookmark the permalink. Leo XIII served as the pope, or the head of the ‘Catholic Church,’ from 1878 to 1903. We are confident that you will have the powerful support of secular princes since the question of the Church’s authority has a bearing on their own authority, as both reason and experience prove. Yvon Beaudoin, o.m.i., Yvon. He was the sixth of ten children born to Count Ilario della Genga and Maria Luisa Periberti di Fabriano, and he was the uncle of Gabriele della Genga Sermattei, who in the 19th century was the only nephew of a pope to be elevated to cardinal. From Wikisource ... announced his own intention of taking the style of Leo XII. He held 8 consistories in which he elevated 25 new cardinals into the cardinalate. [6], After the Napoleonic abolition of the States of the Church (1798), he lived for some years at Monticelli Abbey, solacing himself with music and with bird-shooting, pastimes which he continued even after his election as Pope.[5]. Leo XII's death, which had been so often anticipated, took place on February 11th, 1829. [20], It was alleged that Leo XII had a liaison as a prelate with the wife of a Swiss Guard (known as Pfiffer). He had a passion for shooting birds and was rumored to have killed a peasant with whom he argued about sporting rights.[8]. English travelers visiting the peninsula and many of the diplomats established in Rome remarked on the severity of the pontiff. When he was on the brink of death in 1825, Strambi offered himself to God for the survival of the pope. His austere spirituality made him the target of criticisms and mocking remarks. Pope Leo XII ( Latin: Leo Duodecimus; 22 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 253rd Pope from 1823 to 1829. Because Pius VII’s papacy began in 1800, this means it was actually the... His nephew, Gabriele della Genga Sermattei, was the only papal nephew to become a cardinal. The authors credit the origin of the mythical vaccination ban of Leo XII to the personality of Cardinal Della Genga when he became pope in 1823. He also beatified in 1825: Julian of Saint Augustine[18] Leo XII, original name Annibale Sermattei della Genga, (born Aug. 22, 1760, near Spoleto, Papal States [Italy]—died Feb. 10, 1829, Rome), pope from 1823 to 1829. [9] Leo XII's foreign policy, entrusted at first to the octogenarian Giulio Maria della Somaglia and then to the more able Tommaso Bernetti, negotiated certain concordats very advantageous to the papacy. [5] In 1794 Pope Pius VI made him a canon of Saint Peter's Basilica,[2] and in 1793 created him Titular Archbishop of Tyre. Papal finances were also poor, even though he reduced taxes. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Following Consalvi’s moderate lines, he negotiated concordats advantageous to the papacy with Hanover (1824) and with the Netherlands (1827). The minister to Rome for French King Charles X, François-René de Chateaubriand, who was near to the events, wrote: "The pope died of that haemorrhoidal condition to which he was subject. He was tall and thin with an ascetic look and a melancholic countenance. (June 2016) Pope Leo XII Papacy began 28… [8], Leo XII was 63 at the time of his election and frequently fell victim to infirmities. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In the conclave of 1823, della Genga was the candidate of the zelanti faction and in spite of the active opposition of France, he was elected as the new pope by the cardinals on 28 September 1823, taking the name of Leo XII. [7], Pope Pius VII died in 1823 after yet another long pontificate that spanned over two decades. This film of Pope Leo XIII was created in 1896. Pius VII's Secretary of State, Ercole Consalvi, who had been Della Genga's rival in the conclave, was immediately dismissed, and Pius' policies rejected. In 1814 della Genga was chosen to carry Pope Pius VII's congratulations to Louis XVIII of France upon his restoration. Pope Leo XII. He resigned without ever having entered his diocese. Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Pope Leo XII. Up next in 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. Leo XII's domestic policy was one of extreme conservatism: "He was determined to change the condition of society, bringing it back to the utmost of his power to the old usages and ordinances, which he deemed to be admirable; and he pursued that object with never flagging zeal. When he firmly reasserted the scholastic doctrine that science and religion coexist, he required the study of Thomas Aquinas and opened the Vatican Secret Archives to qualified researchers, among whom was the noted historian of the Papacy Ludwig von Pastor. According to some contemporary authors such as G. S. Godkin, Leo XII was also said to have prohibited vaccination. His remains were transferred and buried before the altar of Pope Leo I on 5 December 1830. [5] He had even remarked about his own health to the cardinals, saying that they would be electing "a dead man". Exactly 33 years to the day prior to the great Miracle of the Sun in Fatima, that is, on October 13, 1884, Pope Leo XIII had a remarkable vision. So much uncertainty.So what do we know about Leo himself?We know he was one of the most learned of all our popes.He spoke six languages fluently.Elected pope in 1878 at 68 years old, he died twenty five years later in 1903 at 93. Della Genga studied theology at the Collegio Campana in Osimo from 1773 to 1778 and later at the Collegio Piceno in Rome until 1783 when he commenced studies at the Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles. info)), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 28 September 1823 to his death in 1829.[1]. Christianity, major religion stemming from the life, teachings, and death of Jesus of Nazareth (the Christ, or the Anointed One of God) in the 1st century ce. Omissions? "[13] In a regime that saw the division of the population into Carbonari and Sanfedisti, he hunted down the Carbonari and the Freemasons[5] with their liberal sympathisers. It is thought His Holiness was injured by the operation. Leo XIII - a pope who changed the Church. Born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci In Italy. Corrections? Pope Leo XII [1823-29] Annibale della Genga, pope from 1823 to 1829, was an Italian noble of the Genga family. For the correct biographical information, date and place of birth and surname, see Ph. Info. He collaborated with Vincent Strambi – future saint – who served as his advisor. The allegation was brought to the attention of Pope Pius VI, who met with the prelate to discern the truth of the matter. 9. Leo XII was in ill health from the time of his election to the papacy to his death less than 6 years later, although he was noted for enduring pain well. [16] According to Bercé and Otteni, the biographers and contemporaries of Leo XII do not mention any interdict. This is the oldest known footage of a Pope in existence. He decreed that a dressmaker who sold low or transparent dresses would incur ipso facto excommunication. Leo XII, original name Annibale Sermattei della Genga, (born Aug. 22, 1760, near Spoleto, Papal States [Italy]—died Feb. 10, 1829, Rome), pope from 1823 to 1829. The Institute is independent. He beatified: Angelina di Marsciano and Bernardo Scammacca (8 March 1825), Hippolytus Galantini (29 June 1825), Angelus of Gualdo Tadino (3 August 1825) and Angelus of Acri (18 December 1825). Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Born at the Castello della Genga in the territory of Spoleto, 22 August, 1760; died in Rome, 10 February, 1829. As St. Leo said, “Our duty to serve you all will give you additional support. Bie. Leo XII beatified a number of individuals in his pontificate which totaled at 15. He fell ill after his coronation but after his recovery, he showed surprising endurance in carrying out his work. This entry was posted in Pope Leo XII (September 28, 1823 - Febraury 10, 1829) by Pope Leo XII. Della Genga was born in 1760 at the Castello della Genga in the territory of Fabriano[2] to an old noble family from Genga,[3] a small town in what is now the province of Ancona, then part of the Papal States. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. His papacy was first the of the 19th Century. His rule was unpopular in Rome and in the Papal States, and by various measures of his reign he diminished greatly for his successors their chances of solving the new problems that confronted them. On 8 March 1816 he was created Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere and he received his red zucchetto on 11 March and his titular church on 29 April 1816. He is known as the oldest serving pope when he died at 93, as well as being an intellectual that sought to bring the Catholic Church to terms with modernity. When the aged Pontiff had finished celebrating Mass in his private Vatican Chapel, attended by a few Cardinals and members of the Vatican staff, he suddenly stopped at the foot of the altar. [7] It was said in the conclave that he lifted his robes to show the cardinals a pair of swollen and ulcerated legs to deter them, but that made them even more eager to elect him. As soon as he was elected to the papacy, Leo XIII worked to encourage understanding between the Church and the modern world. A native of Komagna, he was born on August 22, 1760. [5] He was suspected of having allegedly fathered three illegitimate children. Leo XII made himself unpopular with the people due to the fact that he constrained them to endless rules that concerned private life and public affairs. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. The pope rallied from his ailment, but Strambi died. He beatified Imelda Lambertini (20 December 1826) and also confirmed the cultus of Jordan of Saxony in 1826. "Della Genga, Annibale", "Pope Leo XII: Proceedings of the Conclave that led to his election", Fellowship of Catholic Scholars Newsletter, Volume 9, Number 4, September 1986, Faithful and True Translation of a Brief Memoir of the Life and Miracles of the Saintly Brother Julian of Alcala, "The New Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal", Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution, Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary, Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart, Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII, Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pope_Leo_XII&oldid=1020091059, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using S-rel template with ca parameter, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiorre Girolamo Nicola della Genga, Prefect of the Congregation of Ecclesiastical Immunity (1820–1823), This page was last edited on 27 April 2021, at 03:30. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more — all for only $19.99... Born 2 March, 1810, at Carpineto; elected … [2], On 9 May 1820, Pope Pius VII gave him the distinguished post of Vicar-General of His Holiness for the Diocese of Rome. Leo XII, pope from 1823 to 1829, was born Annibale della Genga of a noble family, near Spoleto, on the 22nd of August 1760. The pope also denied the Jews the right to possess material possessions and allowed them the shortest time to sell their belongings. Vol. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. Donald J. Keefe, "Tracking the footnote", Henry Benedict Mary Clement Stuart of York, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere, Archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Pontifical Academy of Ecclesiastical Nobles, Vicar-General of His Holiness for the Diocese of Rome, Toke, Leslie. Against Austria’s opposition, della Genga was elected pope on Sept. 28, 1823, by the influential zelanti (i.e., conservatives who objected to Pius VII’s conciliatory policies and to Ercole Cardinal Consalvi’s reforming liberalism). Pope Leo XII Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola della Genga ... Before Altar of St. Leo the Great, Grotto, St. Peter's, Basilica, Roma, Diocese of Roma {Rome} a priest for 45.6 years a bishop for 34.9 years a cardinal for 7.5 years (Elected Pope) During the dozen or more years he spent in Germany he was entrusted with several honourable and difficult missions, which brought him into contact with the courts of Dresden, Vienna, Munich and Württemberg, as well as with Napoleon I of France. The absence of a prohibition is evidenced by the fact that in 1828 the Medical-Surgical Society of Bologna was able to implement a vaccination campaign.[17]. (A NNIBALE F RANCESCO C LEMENTE M ELCHIORE G IROLAMO N ICOLA DELLA G ENGA ) Born at the Castello della Genga in the territory of Spoleto, 22 August, 1760; died in Rome, 10 February, 1829. pope leo xii (1760 - 1829), published in 1878 - pope leo xii stock illustrations Pope Leo Xii, 1810 1903. He later received the subdiaconate in 1782 and then the diaconate and was ordained to the priesthood on 14 June 1783;[4] he received the latter two from Cardinal Marcantonio Colonna. Macmillan. These pontifical acts should be completed by two addresses given by Pope Pius XII (October 29, 1951, and November 26, 1951),English translation published in pamphlet form by the National Catholic Welfare Conference under the title, Moral Questions Affecting Married Life, with a discussion outline by Edgar Schmiedeler, O. S. B. Pope Pius VII created him cardinal bishop of Senigallia in 1816 (which office he resigned in 1818) and vicar general of Rome in 1820. Although he continued to adhere to some of the traditional features of the papacy, he refused to completely reject the modern facets of … It has a constituency of…. In 1794 he was transferred to the nunciature at Cologne, but owing to the war had to make his residence in Augsburg. Leo XII, POPE (ANNIBALE FRANCESCO CLEMENTE MELCHIORE GIROLAMO NICOLA DELL, GENGA), b. at the Castello della Genga in the territory of Spoleto, August 22, 1760; d. in Rome, February 10, 1829.His father’s family had been ennobled by Leo XI in 1605; his mother was Maria Luisa Periberti of Fabriano. Laws such as that forbidding Jews to own property and allowing them only the shortest possible time in which to sell what they owned, and that requiring all Roman residents to listen to Catholic catechism commentary, led many of Rome's Jews to emigrate, to Trieste, Lombardy and Tuscany.[11][12]. Pope Leo XII (Latin: Leo Duodecimus; 22 August 1760 – 10 February 1829), born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 253rd Pope from 1823 to 1829. In the Papal States, Leo pursued a repressive policy while endeavouring to reorganize financial administration, but other governments opposed his foreign policies, thus effecting a political change. To Our Venerable Brethren the Patriarchs, Primates,Archbishops, Bishops, and other ordinaries of places having Peace andCommunion with the Apostolic See. Miranda, Salvador. All charitable institutions in the Papal States were put under direct supervision. Personally most frugal, Leo XII reduced taxes, made justice less costly, and was able to find money for certain public improvements, yet he left the Church's finances more confused than he had found them, and even the elaborate jubilee of 1825 did not really mend financial matters.[5]. the greatest champion of the rosary to ever hold the office of the Vicar of Christ. He was the oldest pope in history His intransigence and piety alienated liberal opinion very quickly. 256Th Pope, Reigning From 1878 To 1903. In 1794 he was appointed ambassador to Cologne, subsequently being entrusted with missions to several German courts. Under Leo, authoritarianism and aristocratic privilege were reinstated in the Papal States, a reaction that caused the bourgeoisie to resent a “government by priests.” Although he reduced expenditure, thus reducing taxation, the precarious economic situation remained unchanged. , Alonso Rodriguez and James Grissinger. In 1790 the attractive and articulate della Genga attracted favourable attention by a tactful oration commemorative of the late Emperor Joseph II. [5] At this time, he believed it would be his last post and organized the construction of tombs for his mother and for himself. This included Cardinal Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari – the future Pope Gregory XVI – on 13 March 1826. Leo XII's reign of the Papal States was unpopular and led to uprisings against some of his policies. As a result, Leo XII's reign was unpopular and provoked widespread discontent within the Papal States. He served as nuncio to Switzerland. Boutry, Godkin, G. S. (1880). He refuted all claims to the pope and the matter was dropped then and there save for the fact that Della Genga affirmed he was close to Pfiffer. His own intention of taking the style of Leo XII also created Peter Damian a Doctor of the Papal was... Any questions and LABOR the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have suggestions improve! 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