Now that we know how to quantify the strength of an acid or base, our next job is to gain an understanding of the fundamental reasons behind why one compound is more acidic or more basic than another. structures correctly.

Your answer should involve the structure of nitrate, the conjugate base of nitric acid. In effect, the chlorine atoms are helping to further spread out the electron density of the conjugate base, which as we know has a stabilizing effect. 's' : ''}}. Draw all resonance structures for the nitric acid molecule. For acetic acid, however, there is a key difference: two resonance contributors can be drawn for the conjugate base, and the negative charge can be delocalized (shared) over two oxygen atoms. The more electronegative an atom, the better able it is to bear a negative charge. There are two major resonance forms of nitric acid. A is the strongest acid, as chlorine is more electronegative than bromine. Study.com has thousands of articles about every How Do I Use Study.com's Assign Lesson Feature? ", Muraoka, Hisashi (1995) "Silicon wafer cleaning fluid with HNO, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "The crystal structures of the low-temperature and high-pressure polymorphs of nitric acid", O.I.C. Hint – try removing each OH group in turn, then use your resonance drawing skills to figure out whether or not delocalization of charge can occur. As it decomposes to NO2 and water, it obtains a yellow tint. 1 decade ago. The double-headed arrow drawn between the two resonance structures is there to show that there is more than one way to draw the structure. Which if the four OH protons on the molecule is most acidic? Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. 3. The structure of nitric acid is planar, meaning the chemical structure is flat. Ask your chemistry questions and find the answers, Total electrons pairs as lone pairs and bonds. This grade is often used in the explosives industry. [16], The main industrial use of nitric acid is for the production of fertilizers. Still have questions? However, the powerful oxidizing properties of nitric acid are thermodynamic in nature, but sometimes its oxidation reactions are rather kinetically non-favored. Because of this ability, metals like copper, bronze, and brass can actually be etched with nitric acid, creating permanent designs in the metal. Bubbling nitrogen dioxide through hydrogen peroxide can help to improve acid yield. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Nitric acid is used as a cheap means in jewelry shops to quickly spot low-gold alloys (< 14 karats) and to rapidly assess the gold purity. - Definition, Formula & Uses, The Solvay Process: Process, Products & Environmental Issues, Valence Bond Theory of Coordination Compounds, Coordinate Covalent Bond: Definition & Examples, General Studies Earth & Space Science: Help & Review, General Studies Health Science: Help & Review, Human Anatomy & Physiology: Help and Review, CSET Science Subtest I - General Science (215): Practice & Study Guide, UExcel Anatomy & Physiology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Environmental Science: Help and Review, Middle School Life Science: Homework Help Resource, Middle School Life Science: Tutoring Solution. I have a 1993 penny it appears to be half copper half zink is this possible?

Create your account. b) Nitric acid is a strong acid – it has a pKa of -1.4. Washing is continued for at least 10–15 minutes to cool the tissue surrounding the acid burn and to prevent secondary damage. Oxygen atoms should hold negative charges because electronegativity of oxygen is higher than The manufacturing of fertilizer is actually the most common use of nitric acid. The major hazard posed by it is chemical burns, as it carries out acid hydrolysis with proteins (amide) and fats (ester), which consequently decomposes living tissue (e.g. Thus, the methoxide anion is the most stable (lowest energy, least basic) of the three conjugate bases, and the ethyl carbanion anion is the least stable (highest energy, most basic). This method of production is still in use today.

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[23] It is also used to clean glass before silvering when making silver mirrors.

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